{ "updated": "2026-09-20", "scope": "193 UN members and 2 non-member observer states", "license": "ODbL-1.0; Factbook facts public domain", "sources": { "country_names": "https://github.com/mledoze/countries/tree/c8015eebdd94c533358406b0d709f441389e1f2e", "historical_facts": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/tree/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b", "membership": "https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states" }, "countries": [ { "code": "AD", "iso3": "AND", "name_zh": "安道尔", "name_en": "Andorra", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "安道尔城", "capital_en": "Andorra la Vella", "formation_date": "1278", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/an.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ad.svg" }, { "code": "AE", "iso3": "ARE", "name_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国", "name_en": "United Arab Emirates", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "阿布扎比", "capital_en": "Abu Dhabi", "formation_date": "1971-12-02", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "2 December 1971 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/ae.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ae.svg" }, { "code": "AF", "iso3": "AFG", "name_zh": "阿富汗", "name_en": "Afghanistan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "喀布尔", "capital_en": "Kabul", "formation_date": "1919-08-19", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)", "notes_zh": "旗图采用来源库中的共和国三色旗；2021 年后实际控制当局使用白底旗，使用口径不同。", "notes_en": "This resource shows the republic tricolour. The de facto authorities have used a white flag since 2021; flag usage differs by context.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/af.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/af.svg" }, { "code": "AG", "iso3": "ATG", "name_zh": "安提瓜和巴布达", "name_en": "Antigua and Barbuda", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "圣约翰", "capital_en": "Saint John's", "formation_date": "1981-11-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 November 1981 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ag.svg" }, { "code": "AL", "iso3": "ALB", "name_zh": "阿尔巴尼亚", "name_en": "Albania", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "地拉那", "capital_en": "Tirana (Tirane)", "formation_date": "1912-11-28", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/al.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/al.svg" }, { "code": "AM", "iso3": "ARM", "name_zh": "亚美尼亚", "name_en": "Armenia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "埃里温", "capital_en": "Yerevan", "formation_date": "1991-09-21", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. (Kingdom of Armenia established under the Orontid Dynasty), A.D. 884 (Armenian Kingdom reestablished under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (Cilician Kingdom established); 28 May 1918 (Democratic Republic of Armenia declared)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/am.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/am.svg" }, { "code": "AO", "iso3": "AGO", "name_zh": "安哥拉", "name_en": "Angola", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "罗安达", "capital_en": "Luanda", "formation_date": "1975-11-11", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "11 November 1975 (from Portugal)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ao.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ao.svg" }, { "code": "AR", "iso3": "ARG", "name_zh": "阿根廷", "name_en": "Argentina", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "布宜诺斯艾利斯", "capital_en": "Buenos Aires", "formation_date": "1816-07-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 July 1816 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/ar.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ar.svg" }, { "code": "AT", "iso3": "AUT", "name_zh": "奥地利", "name_en": "Austria", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "维也纳", "capital_en": "Vienna", "formation_date": "1918-11-12 / 1945-04-27", "formation_kind_zh": "第一／第二共和国成立", "formation_en": "no official date of independence: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 6 January 1453 (Archduchy of Austria acknowledged); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established); 12 November 1918 (First Republic proclaimed); 27 April 1945 (Second Republic proclaimed)", "notes_zh": "无单一官方独立日；这里列出现代共和国成立节点。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/au.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/at.svg" }, { "code": "AU", "iso3": "AUS", "name_zh": "澳大利亚", "name_en": "Australia", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "堪培拉", "capital_en": "Canberra", "formation_date": "1901-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/as.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/au.svg" }, { "code": "AZ", "iso3": "AZE", "name_zh": "阿塞拜疆", "name_en": "Azerbaijan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "巴库", "capital_en": "Baku (Baki, Baky)", "formation_date": "1991-08-30", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/aj.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/az.svg" }, { "code": "BA", "iso3": "BIH", "name_zh": "波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那", "name_en": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "萨拉热窝", "capital_en": "Sarajevo", "formation_date": "1992-03-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/bk.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ba.svg" }, { "code": "BB", "iso3": "BRB", "name_zh": "巴巴多斯", "name_en": "Barbados", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "布里奇敦", "capital_en": "Bridgetown", "formation_date": "1966-11-30", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "30 November 1966 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bb.svg" }, { "code": "BD", "iso3": "BGD", "name_zh": "孟加拉国", "name_en": "Bangladesh", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "达卡", "capital_en": "Dhaka", "formation_date": "1971-12-16", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "16 December 1971 (from Pakistan)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/bg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bd.svg" }, { "code": "BE", "iso3": "BEL", "name_zh": "比利时", "name_en": "Belgium", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "布鲁塞尔", "capital_en": "Brussels", "formation_date": "1830-10-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/be.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/be.svg" }, { "code": "BF", "iso3": "BFA", "name_zh": "布基纳法索", "name_en": "Burkina Faso", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "瓦加杜古", "capital_en": "Ouagadougou", "formation_date": "1960-08-05", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "5 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/uv.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bf.svg" }, { "code": "BG", "iso3": "BGR", "name_zh": "保加利亚", "name_en": "Bulgaria", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "索非亚", "capital_en": "Sofia", "formation_date": "1878-03-03", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/bu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bg.svg" }, { "code": "BH", "iso3": "BHR", "name_zh": "巴林", "name_en": "Bahrain", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "麦纳麦", "capital_en": "Manama", "formation_date": "1971-08-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 August 1971 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/ba.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bh.svg" }, { "code": "BI", "iso3": "BDI", "name_zh": "布隆迪", "name_en": "Burundi", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "基特加（政治首都）；布琼布拉（经济中心）", "capital_en": "Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital)", "formation_date": "1962-07-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/by.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bi.svg" }, { "code": "BJ", "iso3": "BEN", "name_zh": "贝宁", "name_en": "Benin", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "波多诺伏（法定首都）；科托努（政府驻地）", "capital_en": "Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government)", "formation_date": "1960-08-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/bn.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bj.svg" }, { "code": "BN", "iso3": "BRN", "name_zh": "文莱", "name_en": "Brunei", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "斯里巴加湾市", "capital_en": "Bandar Seri Begawan", "formation_date": "1984-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1984 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bn.svg" }, { "code": "BO", "iso3": "BOL", "name_zh": "玻利维亚", "name_en": "Bolivia", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "苏克雷（宪法首都）；拉巴斯（政府驻地）", "capital_en": "La Paz (administrative capital); Sucre (constitutional [legislative and judicial] capital)", "formation_date": "1825-08-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 August 1825 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/bl.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bo.svg" }, { "code": "BR", "iso3": "BRA", "name_zh": "巴西", "name_en": "Brazil", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "巴西利亚", "capital_en": "Brasília", "formation_date": "1822-09-07", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "7 September 1822 (from Portugal)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/br.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/br.svg" }, { "code": "BS", "iso3": "BHS", "name_zh": "巴哈马", "name_en": "Bahamas", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "拿骚", "capital_en": "Nassau", "formation_date": "1973-07-10", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "10 July 1973 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bs.svg" }, { "code": "BT", "iso3": "BTN", "name_zh": "不丹", "name_en": "Bhutan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "廷布", "capital_en": "Thimphu", "formation_date": "1907-12-17", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "17 December 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king); 8 August 1949 (Treaty of Friendship with India maintains Bhutanese independence)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/bt.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bt.svg" }, { "code": "BW", "iso3": "BWA", "name_zh": "博茨瓦纳", "name_en": "Botswana", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "哈博罗内", "capital_en": "Gaborone", "formation_date": "1966-09-30", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "30 September 1966 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/bc.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bw.svg" }, { "code": "BY", "iso3": "BLR", "name_zh": "白俄罗斯", "name_en": "Belarus", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "明斯克", "capital_en": "Minsk", "formation_date": "1991-08-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/bo.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/by.svg" }, { "code": "BZ", "iso3": "BLZ", "name_zh": "伯利兹", "name_en": "Belize", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "贝尔莫潘", "capital_en": "Belmopan", "formation_date": "1981-09-21", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "21 September 1981 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/bz.svg" }, { "code": "CA", "iso3": "CAN", "name_zh": "加拿大", "name_en": "Canada", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "渥太华", "capital_en": "Ottawa", "formation_date": "1867-07-01", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/north-america/ca.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ca.svg" }, { "code": "CD", "iso3": "COD", "name_zh": "民主刚果", "name_en": "DR Congo", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "金沙萨", "capital_en": "Kinshasa", "formation_date": "1960-06-30", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "30 June 1960 (from Belgium)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/cg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cd.svg" }, { "code": "CF", "iso3": "CAF", "name_zh": "中非共和国", "name_en": "Central African Republic", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "班吉", "capital_en": "Bangui", "formation_date": "1960-08-13", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "13 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ct.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cf.svg" }, { "code": "CG", "iso3": "COG", "name_zh": "刚果", "name_en": "Congo", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "布拉柴维尔", "capital_en": "Brazzaville", "formation_date": "1960-08-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/cf.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cg.svg" }, { "code": "CH", "iso3": "CHE", "name_zh": "瑞士", "name_en": "Switzerland", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "伯尔尼（联邦城市、政府驻地）", "capital_en": "Bern", "formation_date": "1291-08-01", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)", "notes_zh": "伯尔尼是联邦城市与政府驻地；瑞士没有法定首都。", "notes_en": "Bern is the federal city and seat of government; Switzerland has no de jure capital.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/sz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ch.svg" }, { "code": "CI", "iso3": "CIV", "name_zh": "科特迪瓦", "name_en": "Ivory Coast", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "亚穆苏克罗（政治首都）；阿比让（主要行政与经济中心）", "capital_en": "Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan", "formation_date": "1960-08-07", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "7 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/iv.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ci.svg" }, { "code": "CL", "iso3": "CHL", "name_zh": "智利", "name_en": "Chile", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "圣地亚哥", "capital_en": "Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature", "formation_date": "1810-09-18", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "18 September 1810 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/ci.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cl.svg" }, { "code": "CM", "iso3": "CMR", "name_zh": "喀麦隆", "name_en": "Cameroon", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "雅温得", "capital_en": "Yaounde", "formation_date": "1960-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/cm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cm.svg" }, { "code": "CN", "iso3": "CHN", "name_zh": "中国", "name_en": "China", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "北京", "capital_en": "Beijing", "formation_date": "1949-10-01", "formation_kind_zh": "中华人民共和国成立", "formation_en": "1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China established); notable earlier dates: 221 B.C. (unification under the Qin Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Qing Dynasty replaced by the Republic of China)", "notes_zh": "此日期指中华人民共和国成立，不代表中国文明或国家历史的起点。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cn.svg" }, { "code": "CO", "iso3": "COL", "name_zh": "哥伦比亚", "name_en": "Colombia", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "波哥大", "capital_en": "Bogotá", "formation_date": "1810-07-20", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "20 July 1810 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/co.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/co.svg" }, { "code": "CR", "iso3": "CRI", "name_zh": "哥斯达黎加", "name_en": "Costa Rica", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "圣何塞", "capital_en": "San José", "formation_date": "1821-09-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cr.svg" }, { "code": "CU", "iso3": "CUB", "name_zh": "古巴", "name_en": "Cuba", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "哈瓦那", "capital_en": "Havana", "formation_date": "1902-05-20", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "20 May 1902 (from US administration); 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cu.svg" }, { "code": "CV", "iso3": "CPV", "name_zh": "佛得角", "name_en": "Cape Verde", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "普拉亚", "capital_en": "Praia", "formation_date": "1975-07-05", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "5 July 1975 (from Portugal)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/cv.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cv.svg" }, { "code": "CY", "iso3": "CYP", "name_zh": "塞浦路斯", "name_en": "Cyprus", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "尼科西亚", "capital_en": "Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)", "formation_date": "1960-08-16", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "16 August 1960 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/cy.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cy.svg" }, { "code": "CZ", "iso3": "CZE", "name_zh": "捷克", "name_en": "Czechia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "布拉格", "capital_en": "Prague", "formation_date": "1993-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/ez.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/cz.svg" }, { "code": "DE", "iso3": "DEU", "name_zh": "德国", "name_en": "Germany", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "柏林", "capital_en": "Berlin", "formation_date": "1871-01-18 / 1949-05-23 / 1990-10-03", "formation_kind_zh": "统一／联邦共和国／再统一", "formation_en": "18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 after World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990, with all four powers formally relinquishing rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor)", "notes_zh": "德国不同历史阶段存在多个成立与统一节点。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/gm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/de.svg" }, { "code": "DJ", "iso3": "DJI", "name_zh": "吉布提", "name_en": "Djibouti", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "吉布提市", "capital_en": "Djibouti", "formation_date": "1977-06-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 June 1977 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/dj.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/dj.svg" }, { "code": "DK", "iso3": "DNK", "name_zh": "丹麦", "name_en": "Denmark", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "哥本哈根", "capital_en": "Copenhagen", "formation_date": "约 965 / 1849-06-05", "formation_kind_zh": "统一／君主立宪节点", "formation_en": "ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under Harald I GORMSSON); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)", "notes_zh": "约 965 年统一；1849 年确立议会君主立宪制度。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/da.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/dk.svg" }, { "code": "DM", "iso3": "DMA", "name_zh": "多米尼加", "name_en": "Dominica", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "罗索", "capital_en": "Roseau", "formation_date": "1978-11-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 November 1978 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/dm.svg" }, { "code": "DO", "iso3": "DOM", "name_zh": "多明尼加", "name_en": "Dominican Republic", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "圣多明各", "capital_en": "Santo Domingo", "formation_date": "1844-02-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 February 1844 (from Haiti)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/do.svg" }, { "code": "DZ", "iso3": "DZA", "name_zh": "阿尔及利亚", "name_en": "Algeria", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "阿尔及尔", "capital_en": "Algiers", "formation_date": "1962-07-05", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "5 July 1962 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ag.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/dz.svg" }, { "code": "EC", "iso3": "ECU", "name_zh": "厄瓜多尔", "name_en": "Ecuador", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "基多", "capital_en": "Quito", "formation_date": "1822-05-24", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "24 May 1822 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/ec.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ec.svg" }, { "code": "EE", "iso3": "EST", "name_zh": "爱沙尼亚", "name_en": "Estonia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "塔林", "capital_en": "Tallinn", "formation_date": "1918-02-24", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/en.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ee.svg" }, { "code": "EG", "iso3": "EGY", "name_zh": "埃及", "name_en": "Egypt", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "开罗；新行政首都（政府行政中心）", "capital_en": "Cairo; New Capital (administrative hub)", "formation_date": "1922-02-28", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the military-led revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956)", "notes_zh": "埃及新行政首都已承接政府机构及行政功能；保留开罗与新行政中心的区别。", "notes_en": "The New Capital hosts government institutions and administrative functions; Cairo and the new administrative hub are distinguished.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/eg.json", "additional_sources": [ "https://sis.gov.eg/en/media-center/news/pm-follows-up-implementation-status-of-operation-of-projects-in-new-capital/" ], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/eg.svg" }, { "code": "ER", "iso3": "ERI", "name_zh": "厄立特里亚", "name_en": "Eritrea", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "阿斯马拉", "capital_en": "Asmara", "formation_date": "1993-05-24", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/er.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/er.svg" }, { "code": "ES", "iso3": "ESP", "name_zh": "西班牙", "name_en": "Spain", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "马德里", "capital_en": "Madrid", "formation_date": "1492", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1492", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/sp.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/es.svg" }, { "code": "ET", "iso3": "ETH", "name_zh": "埃塞俄比亚", "name_en": "Ethiopia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "亚的斯亚贝巴", "capital_en": "Addis Ababa", "formation_date": "无单一统一日期 / No single date", "formation_kind_zh": "长期历史形成", "formation_en": "oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world, at least 2,000 years; may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which appeared in the first century B.C.", "notes_zh": "埃塞俄比亚具有悠久国家历史，不应强行填写一个独立或建国日期。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/et.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/et.svg" }, { "code": "FI", "iso3": "FIN", "name_zh": "芬兰", "name_en": "Finland", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "赫尔辛基", "capital_en": "Helsinki", "formation_date": "1917-12-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 December 1917 (from Russia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/fi.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/fi.svg" }, { "code": "FJ", "iso3": "FJI", "name_zh": "斐济", "name_en": "Fiji", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "苏瓦", "capital_en": "Suva (on Viti Levu)", "formation_date": "1970-10-10", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "10 October 1970 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/fj.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/fj.svg" }, { "code": "FM", "iso3": "FSM", "name_zh": "密克罗尼西亚", "name_en": "Micronesia", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "帕利基尔", "capital_en": "Palikir", "formation_date": "1986-11-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/fm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/fm.svg" }, { "code": "FR", "iso3": "FRA", "name_zh": "法国", "name_en": "France", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "巴黎", "capital_en": "Paris", "formation_date": "1792-09-22 / 1958-10-04", "formation_kind_zh": "第一／第五共和国成立", "formation_en": "No single official independence date. The First Republic was established on 22 September 1792; the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.", "notes_zh": "法国历史长期演变，没有单一官方独立日期；不是将国庆日当作建国日。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/fr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/fr.svg" }, { "code": "GA", "iso3": "GAB", "name_zh": "加蓬", "name_en": "Gabon", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "利伯维尔", "capital_en": "Libreville", "formation_date": "1960-08-17", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "17 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/gb.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ga.svg" }, { "code": "GB", "iso3": "GBR", "name_zh": "英国", "name_en": "United Kingdom", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "伦敦", "capital_en": "London", "formation_date": "1707-05-01 / 1801-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "联合王国形成节点", "formation_en": "no official date of independence: 927 (minor English kingdoms unite); 3 March 1284 (enactment of the Statute of Rhuddlan uniting England and Wales); 1536 (Act of Union incorporates England and Wales); 1 May 1707 (Acts of Union unite England, Scotland, and Wales as Great Britain); 1 January 1801 (Acts of Union unite Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland); 6 December 1921 (Anglo-Irish Treaty formalizes partition of Ireland; six counties become Northern Ireland and remain part of the UK); 12 April 1927 (Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act establishes current name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)", "notes_zh": "无单一官方独立日期；1707 年组成大不列颠王国，1801 年组成联合王国。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/uk.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gb.svg" }, { "code": "GD", "iso3": "GRD", "name_zh": "格林纳达", "name_en": "Grenada", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "圣乔治", "capital_en": "Saint George's", "formation_date": "1974-02-07", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "7 February 1974 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gd.svg" }, { "code": "GE", "iso3": "GEO", "name_zh": "格鲁吉亚", "name_en": "Georgia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "第比利斯", "capital_en": "Tbilisi", "formation_date": "1991-04-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/gg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ge.svg" }, { "code": "GH", "iso3": "GHA", "name_zh": "加纳", "name_en": "Ghana", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "阿克拉", "capital_en": "Accra", "formation_date": "1957-03-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 March 1957 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/gh.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gh.svg" }, { "code": "GM", "iso3": "GMB", "name_zh": "冈比亚", "name_en": "Gambia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "班珠尔", "capital_en": "Banjul", "formation_date": "1965-02-18", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "18 February 1965 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ga.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gm.svg" }, { "code": "GN", "iso3": "GIN", "name_zh": "几内亚", "name_en": "Guinea", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "科纳克里", "capital_en": "Conakry", "formation_date": "1958-10-02", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "2 October 1958 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/gv.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gn.svg" }, { "code": "GQ", "iso3": "GNQ", "name_zh": "赤道几内亚", "name_en": "Equatorial Guinea", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "和平城", "capital_en": "Ciudad de la Paz", "formation_date": "1968-10-12", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "12 October 1968 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "2026 年 1 月 2 日官方宣布和平城为首都；旧资料中的马拉博未继续沿用。", "notes_en": "Ciudad de la Paz was proclaimed the capital on 2 January 2026, replacing the older Malabo entry.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ek.json", "additional_sources": [ "https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/el_presidente_de_la_republica_proclama_la_ciudad_de_la_paz_como_capital_de_la_republica_de_guinea_ecuatorial_con_la_firma_de_un_decreto_ley" ], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gq.svg" }, { "code": "GR", "iso3": "GRC", "name_zh": "希腊", "name_en": "Greece", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "雅典", "capital_en": "Athens", "formation_date": "1830-02-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 February 1830 (from the Ottoman Empire)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/gr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gr.svg" }, { "code": "GT", "iso3": "GTM", "name_zh": "危地马拉", "name_en": "Guatemala", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "危地马拉城", "capital_en": "Guatemala City", "formation_date": "1821-09-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gt.svg" }, { "code": "GW", "iso3": "GNB", "name_zh": "几内亚比绍", "name_en": "Guinea-Bissau", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "比绍", "capital_en": "Bissau", "formation_date": "1973-09-24", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/pu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gw.svg" }, { "code": "GY", "iso3": "GUY", "name_zh": "圭亚那", "name_en": "Guyana", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "乔治敦", "capital_en": "Georgetown", "formation_date": "1966-05-26", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "26 May 1966 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/gy.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/gy.svg" }, { "code": "HN", "iso3": "HND", "name_zh": "洪都拉斯", "name_en": "Honduras", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "特古西加尔巴", "capital_en": "Tegucigalpa", "formation_date": "1821-09-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/hn.svg" }, { "code": "HR", "iso3": "HRV", "name_zh": "克罗地亚", "name_en": "Croatia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "萨格勒布", "capital_en": "Zagreb", "formation_date": "1991-06-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established), 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes established, later became Yugoslavia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/hr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/hr.svg" }, { "code": "HT", "iso3": "HTI", "name_zh": "海地", "name_en": "Haiti", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "太子港", "capital_en": "Port-au-Prince", "formation_date": "1804-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1804 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ht.svg" }, { "code": "HU", "iso3": "HUN", "name_zh": "匈牙利", "name_en": "Hungary", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "布达佩斯", "capital_en": "Budapest", "formation_date": "1918-11-16", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/hu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/hu.svg" }, { "code": "ID", "iso3": "IDN", "name_zh": "印度尼西亚", "name_en": "Indonesia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "雅加达；努山塔拉迁都工程进行中", "capital_en": "Jakarta; transition to Nusantara in progress", "formation_date": "1945-08-17", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands)", "notes_zh": "努山塔拉建设进行中，官方资料以 2028 年为政治首都建设目标；不把规划日期当作已经完成迁都。", "notes_en": "Nusantara is under construction, with an official political-capital target of 2028. A planned date is not treated as a completed move.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json", "additional_sources": [ "https://ikn.go.id/id/posts/pembangunan-tahap-ii-ikn-terus-berjalan-otorita-ikn-lakukan-evaluasi-berkala" ], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/id.svg" }, { "code": "IE", "iso3": "IRL", "name_zh": "爱尔兰", "name_en": "Ireland", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "都柏林", "capital_en": "Dublin", "formation_date": "1921-12-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 December 1921 (from the UK); 6 December 1922 (Irish Free State established); 18 April 1949 (Republic of Ireland Act enabled)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/ei.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ie.svg" }, { "code": "IL", "iso3": "ISR", "name_zh": "以色列", "name_en": "Israel", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "耶路撒冷（政府驻地；城市地位存在国际争议）", "capital_en": "Jerusalem", "formation_date": "1948-05-14", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "14 May 1948 (following League of Nations mandate under British administration)", "notes_zh": "此处列政府驻地。耶路撒冷特别是东耶路撒冷的最终地位存在国际争议。", "notes_en": "Government seat shown. The final status of Jerusalem, particularly East Jerusalem, is internationally disputed.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/is.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/il.svg" }, { "code": "IN", "iso3": "IND", "name_zh": "印度", "name_en": "India", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "新德里", "capital_en": "New Delhi", "formation_date": "1947-08-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 August 1947 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/in.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/in.svg" }, { "code": "IQ", "iso3": "IRQ", "name_zh": "伊拉克", "name_en": "Iraq", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "巴格达", "capital_en": "Baghdad", "formation_date": "1932-10-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/iz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/iq.svg" }, { "code": "IR", "iso3": "IRN", "name_zh": "伊朗", "name_en": "Iran", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "德黑兰", "capital_en": "Tehran", "formation_date": "1979-04-01", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed); notable earlier dates: ca. 550 B.C. (Achaemenid or Persian Empire established); A.D. 1501 (Iran reunified under the Safavid dynasty); 1794 (beginning of Qajar dynasty); 12 December 1925 (modern Iran established under the PAHLAVI dynasty)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/ir.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ir.svg" }, { "code": "IS", "iso3": "ISL", "name_zh": "冰岛", "name_en": "Iceland", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "雷克雅未克", "capital_en": "Reykjavik", "formation_date": "1918-12-01", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON, leader of Iceland's 19th-century independence movement)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/ic.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/is.svg" }, { "code": "IT", "iso3": "ITA", "name_zh": "意大利", "name_en": "Italy", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "罗马", "capital_en": "Rome", "formation_date": "1861-03-17", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "17 March 1861", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/it.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/it.svg" }, { "code": "JM", "iso3": "JAM", "name_zh": "牙买加", "name_en": "Jamaica", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "金斯敦", "capital_en": "Kingston", "formation_date": "1962-08-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 August 1962 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/jm.svg" }, { "code": "JO", "iso3": "JOR", "name_zh": "约旦", "name_en": "Jordan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "安曼", "capital_en": "Amman", "formation_date": "1946-05-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/jo.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/jo.svg" }, { "code": "JP", "iso3": "JPN", "name_zh": "日本", "name_en": "Japan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "东京", "capital_en": "Tokyo", "formation_date": "1947-05-03", "formation_kind_zh": "现行宪法施行", "formation_en": "3 May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 11 February 660 B.C. (mythological date of Emperor JIMMU founding the nation); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy)", "notes_zh": "日本没有统一的现代建国日期。公元前 660 年为传统神话纪年，不能当作经证实的历史日期。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/jp.svg" }, { "code": "KE", "iso3": "KEN", "name_zh": "肯尼亚", "name_en": "Kenya", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "内罗毕", "capital_en": "Nairobi", "formation_date": "1963-12-12", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "12 December 1963 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ke.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ke.svg" }, { "code": "KG", "iso3": "KGZ", "name_zh": "吉尔吉斯斯坦", "name_en": "Kyrgyzstan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "比什凯克", "capital_en": "Bishkek", "formation_date": "1991-08-31", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/kg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kg.svg" }, { "code": "KH", "iso3": "KHM", "name_zh": "柬埔寨", "name_en": "Cambodia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "金边", "capital_en": "Phnom Penh", "formation_date": "1953-11-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 November 1953 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kh.svg" }, { "code": "KI", "iso3": "KIR", "name_zh": "基里巴斯", "name_en": "Kiribati", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "南塔拉瓦", "capital_en": "Tarawa", "formation_date": "1979-07-12", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "12 July 1979 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/kr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ki.svg" }, { "code": "KM", "iso3": "COM", "name_zh": "科摩罗", "name_en": "Comoros", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "莫罗尼", "capital_en": "Moroni", "formation_date": "1975-07-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 July 1975 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/cn.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/km.svg" }, { "code": "KN", "iso3": "KNA", "name_zh": "圣基茨和尼维斯", "name_en": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "巴斯特尔", "capital_en": "Basseterre", "formation_date": "1983-09-19", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "19 September 1983 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kn.svg" }, { "code": "KP", "iso3": "PRK", "name_zh": "朝鲜", "name_en": "North Korea", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "平壤", "capital_en": "Pyongyang", "formation_date": "1945-08-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 August 1945 (from Japan)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kp.svg" }, { "code": "KR", "iso3": "KOR", "name_zh": "韩国", "name_en": "South Korea", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "首尔", "capital_en": "Seoul", "formation_date": "1945-08-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 August 1945 (from Japan)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kr.svg" }, { "code": "KW", "iso3": "KWT", "name_zh": "科威特", "name_en": "Kuwait", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "科威特城", "capital_en": "Kuwait City", "formation_date": "1961-06-19", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "19 June 1961 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/ku.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kw.svg" }, { "code": "KZ", "iso3": "KAZ", "name_zh": "哈萨克斯坦", "name_en": "Kazakhstan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "阿斯塔纳", "capital_en": "Astana", "formation_date": "1991-12-16", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/kz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/kz.svg" }, { "code": "LA", "iso3": "LAO", "name_zh": "老挝", "name_en": "Laos", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "万象", "capital_en": "Vientiane (Viangchan)", "formation_date": "1949-07-19", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "19 July 1949 (from France); 22 October 1953 (Franco-Lao Treaty recognizes full independence)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/la.svg" }, { "code": "LB", "iso3": "LBN", "name_zh": "黎巴嫩", "name_en": "Lebanon", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "贝鲁特", "capital_en": "Beirut", "formation_date": "1943-11-22", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/le.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lb.svg" }, { "code": "LC", "iso3": "LCA", "name_zh": "圣卢西亚", "name_en": "Saint Lucia", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "卡斯特里", "capital_en": "Castries", "formation_date": "1979-02-22", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "22 February 1979 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lc.svg" }, { "code": "LI", "iso3": "LIE", "name_zh": "列支敦士登", "name_en": "Liechtenstein", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "瓦杜兹", "capital_en": "Vaduz", "formation_date": "1719-01-23", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/ls.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/li.svg" }, { "code": "LK", "iso3": "LKA", "name_zh": "斯里兰卡", "name_en": "Sri Lanka", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "斯里贾亚瓦德纳普拉科特（立法首都）；科伦坡（商业及行政中心）", "capital_en": "Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)", "formation_date": "1948-02-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 February 1948 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/ce.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lk.svg" }, { "code": "LR", "iso3": "LBR", "name_zh": "利比里亚", "name_en": "Liberia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "蒙罗维亚", "capital_en": "Monrovia", "formation_date": "1847-07-26", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "26 July 1847", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/li.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lr.svg" }, { "code": "LS", "iso3": "LSO", "name_zh": "莱索托", "name_en": "Lesotho", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "马塞卢", "capital_en": "Maseru", "formation_date": "1966-10-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 October 1966 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/lt.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ls.svg" }, { "code": "LT", "iso3": "LTU", "name_zh": "立陶宛", "name_en": "Lithuania", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "维尔纽斯", "capital_en": "Vilnius", "formation_date": "1918-02-16", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/lh.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lt.svg" }, { "code": "LU", "iso3": "LUX", "name_zh": "卢森堡", "name_en": "Luxembourg", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "卢森堡市", "capital_en": "Luxembourg", "formation_date": "1839", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1839 (from the Netherlands)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/lu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lu.svg" }, { "code": "LV", "iso3": "LVA", "name_zh": "拉脱维亚", "name_en": "Latvia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "里加", "capital_en": "Riga", "formation_date": "1918-11-18", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 4 May 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/lg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/lv.svg" }, { "code": "LY", "iso3": "LBY", "name_zh": "利比亚", "name_en": "Libya", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "的黎波里", "capital_en": "Tripoli (Tarabulus)", "formation_date": "1951-12-24", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ly.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ly.svg" }, { "code": "MA", "iso3": "MAR", "name_zh": "摩洛哥", "name_en": "Morocco", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "拉巴特", "capital_en": "Rabat", "formation_date": "1956-03-02", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "2 March 1956 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/mo.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ma.svg" }, { "code": "MC", "iso3": "MCO", "name_zh": "摩纳哥", "name_en": "Monaco", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "摩纳哥", "capital_en": "Monaco", "formation_date": "1419", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/mn.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mc.svg" }, { "code": "MD", "iso3": "MDA", "name_zh": "摩尔多瓦", "name_en": "Moldova", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "基希讷乌", "capital_en": "Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)", "formation_date": "1991-08-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/md.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/md.svg" }, { "code": "ME", "iso3": "MNE", "name_zh": "黑山", "name_en": "Montenegro", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "波德戈里察（首都）；采蒂涅（旧王都）", "capital_en": "Podgorica", "formation_date": "2006-06-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/mj.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/me.svg" }, { "code": "MG", "iso3": "MDG", "name_zh": "马达加斯加", "name_en": "Madagascar", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "塔那那利佛", "capital_en": "Antananarivo", "formation_date": "1960-06-26", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "26 June 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ma.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mg.svg" }, { "code": "MH", "iso3": "MHL", "name_zh": "马绍尔群岛", "name_en": "Marshall Islands", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "马朱罗", "capital_en": "Majuro", "formation_date": "1986-10-21", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/rm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mh.svg" }, { "code": "MK", "iso3": "MKD", "name_zh": "北馬其頓", "name_en": "North Macedonia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "斯科普里", "capital_en": "Skopje", "formation_date": "1991-09-08", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "8 September 1991 (referendum endorsed independence from Yugoslavia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/mk.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mk.svg" }, { "code": "ML", "iso3": "MLI", "name_zh": "马里", "name_en": "Mali", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "巴马科", "capital_en": "Bamako", "formation_date": "1960-09-22", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "22 September 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ml.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ml.svg" }, { "code": "MM", "iso3": "MMR", "name_zh": "缅甸", "name_en": "Myanmar", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "内比都", "capital_en": "Rangoon (aka Yangon, continues to be recognized as the primary Burmese capital by the US Government); Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital", "formation_date": "1948-01-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 January 1948 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mm.svg" }, { "code": "MN", "iso3": "MNG", "name_zh": "蒙古", "name_en": "Mongolia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "乌兰巴托", "capital_en": "Ulaanbaatar", "formation_date": "1911-12-29", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mn.svg" }, { "code": "MR", "iso3": "MRT", "name_zh": "毛里塔尼亚", "name_en": "Mauritania", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "努瓦克肖特", "capital_en": "Nouakchott", "formation_date": "1960-11-28", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "28 November 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/mr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mr.svg" }, { "code": "MT", "iso3": "MLT", "name_zh": "马耳他", "name_en": "Malta", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "瓦莱塔", "capital_en": "Valletta", "formation_date": "1964-09-21", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "21 September 1964 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/mt.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mt.svg" }, { "code": "MU", "iso3": "MUS", "name_zh": "毛里求斯", "name_en": "Mauritius", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "路易港", "capital_en": "Port Louis", "formation_date": "1968-03-12", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "12 March 1968 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/mp.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mu.svg" }, { "code": "MV", "iso3": "MDV", "name_zh": "马尔代夫", "name_en": "Maldives", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "马累", "capital_en": "Malé", "formation_date": "1965-07-26", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "26 July 1965 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/mv.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mv.svg" }, { "code": "MW", "iso3": "MWI", "name_zh": "马拉维", "name_en": "Malawi", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "利隆圭", "capital_en": "Lilongwe", "formation_date": "1964-07-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 July 1964 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/mi.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mw.svg" }, { "code": "MX", "iso3": "MEX", "name_zh": "墨西哥", "name_en": "Mexico", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "墨西哥城", "capital_en": "Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)", "formation_date": "1810-09-16", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/north-america/mx.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mx.svg" }, { "code": "MY", "iso3": "MYS", "name_zh": "马来西亚", "name_en": "Malaysia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "吉隆坡（首都）；布城（行政中心）", "capital_en": "Kuala Lumpur", "formation_date": "1957-08-31", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "31 August 1957 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/my.svg" }, { "code": "MZ", "iso3": "MOZ", "name_zh": "莫桑比克", "name_en": "Mozambique", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "马普托", "capital_en": "Maputo", "formation_date": "1975-06-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 June 1975 (from Portugal)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/mz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/mz.svg" }, { "code": "NA", "iso3": "NAM", "name_zh": "纳米比亚", "name_en": "Namibia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "温得和克", "capital_en": "Windhoek", "formation_date": "1990-03-21", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/wa.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/na.svg" }, { "code": "NE", "iso3": "NER", "name_zh": "尼日尔", "name_en": "Niger", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "尼亚美", "capital_en": "Niamey", "formation_date": "1960-08-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ng.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ne.svg" }, { "code": "NG", "iso3": "NGA", "name_zh": "尼日利亚", "name_en": "Nigeria", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "阿布贾", "capital_en": "Abuja", "formation_date": "1960-10-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 October 1960 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ni.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ng.svg" }, { "code": "NI", "iso3": "NIC", "name_zh": "尼加拉瓜", "name_en": "Nicaragua", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "马那瓜", "capital_en": "Managua", "formation_date": "1821-09-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ni.svg" }, { "code": "NL", "iso3": "NLD", "name_zh": "荷兰", "name_en": "Netherlands", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "阿姆斯特丹（首都）；海牙（政府驻地）", "capital_en": "Amsterdam", "formation_date": "1581-07-26", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "26 July 1581", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/nl.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/nl.svg" }, { "code": "NO", "iso3": "NOR", "name_zh": "挪威", "name_en": "Norway", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "奥斯陆", "capital_en": "Oslo", "formation_date": "1905-06-07", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "7 June 1905 (union with Sweden declared dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/no.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/no.svg" }, { "code": "NP", "iso3": "NPL", "name_zh": "尼泊尔", "name_en": "Nepal", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "加德满都", "capital_en": "Kathmandu", "formation_date": "1768", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/np.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/np.svg" }, { "code": "NR", "iso3": "NRU", "name_zh": "瑙鲁", "name_en": "Nauru", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "无正式首都；亚伦区为政府驻地", "capital_en": "no official capital; government offices in the Yaren District", "formation_date": "1968-01-31", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "没有正式首都，亚伦是政府机构所在地。", "notes_en": "There is no official capital; government offices are in Yaren district.", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/nr.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/nr.svg" }, { "code": "NZ", "iso3": "NZL", "name_zh": "新西兰", "name_en": "New Zealand", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "惠灵顿", "capital_en": "Wellington", "formation_date": "1907-09-26", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "26 September 1907 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/nz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/nz.svg" }, { "code": "OM", "iso3": "OMN", "name_zh": "阿曼", "name_en": "Oman", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "马斯喀特", "capital_en": "Muscat", "formation_date": "1650", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/mu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/om.svg" }, { "code": "PA", "iso3": "PAN", "name_zh": "巴拿马", "name_en": "Panama", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "巴拿马城", "capital_en": "Panama City", "formation_date": "1903-11-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 November 1903 (from Colombia); 28 November 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pa.svg" }, { "code": "PE", "iso3": "PER", "name_zh": "秘鲁", "name_en": "Peru", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "利马", "capital_en": "Lima", "formation_date": "1821-07-28", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "28 July 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/pe.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pe.svg" }, { "code": "PG", "iso3": "PNG", "name_zh": "巴布亚新几内亚", "name_en": "Papua New Guinea", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "莫尔兹比港", "capital_en": "Port Moresby", "formation_date": "1975-09-16", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pg.svg" }, { "code": "PH", "iso3": "PHL", "name_zh": "菲律宾", "name_en": "Philippines", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "马尼拉", "capital_en": "Manila", "formation_date": "1946-07-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 July 1946 (from the US)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ph.svg" }, { "code": "PK", "iso3": "PAK", "name_zh": "巴基斯坦", "name_en": "Pakistan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "伊斯兰堡", "capital_en": "Islamabad", "formation_date": "1947-08-14", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "14 August 1947 (from British India)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-asia/pk.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pk.svg" }, { "code": "PL", "iso3": "POL", "name_zh": "波兰", "name_en": "Poland", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "华沙", "capital_en": "Warsaw", "formation_date": "1918-11-11", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 14 April 966 (adoption of Christianity, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/pl.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pl.svg" }, { "code": "PS", "iso3": "PSE", "name_zh": "巴勒斯坦", "name_en": "Palestine", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "东耶路撒冷（主张首都）；拉姆安拉（行政中心）", "capital_en": "East Jerusalem (claimed capital); Ramallah (administrative centre)", "formation_date": "1988-11-15", "formation_kind_zh": "宣布建国", "formation_en": "15 November 1988: declaration of the State of Palestine.", "notes_zh": "巴勒斯坦宣布建国日期；不等于所有国家同时承认或边界争议已经解决。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": true, "source": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676332/", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ps.svg" }, { "code": "PT", "iso3": "PRT", "name_zh": "葡萄牙", "name_en": "Portugal", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "里斯本", "capital_en": "Lisbon", "formation_date": "1143", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished after 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/po.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pt.svg" }, { "code": "PW", "iso3": "PLW", "name_zh": "帕劳", "name_en": "Palau", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "恩吉鲁穆德", "capital_en": "Ngerulmud", "formation_date": "1994-10-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/ps.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/pw.svg" }, { "code": "PY", "iso3": "PRY", "name_zh": "巴拉圭", "name_en": "Paraguay", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "亚松森", "capital_en": "Asunción", "formation_date": "14-15 May 1811", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "14-15 May 1811 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/pa.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/py.svg" }, { "code": "QA", "iso3": "QAT", "name_zh": "卡塔尔", "name_en": "Qatar", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "多哈", "capital_en": "Doha", "formation_date": "1971-09-03", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "3 September 1971 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/qa.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/qa.svg" }, { "code": "RO", "iso3": "ROU", "name_zh": "罗马尼亚", "name_en": "Romania", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "布加勒斯特", "capital_en": "Bucharest", "formation_date": "1877-05-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; 13 July 1878 (independence recognized by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/ro.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ro.svg" }, { "code": "RS", "iso3": "SRB", "name_zh": "塞尔维亚", "name_en": "Serbia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "贝尔格莱德", "capital_en": "Belgrade (Beograd)", "formation_date": "2006-06-05", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "5 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 1217 (Serbian Kingdom established); 16 April 1346 (Serbian Empire established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Serbian independence); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes established, later known as Yugoslavia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/ri.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/rs.svg" }, { "code": "RU", "iso3": "RUS", "name_zh": "俄罗斯", "name_en": "Russia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "莫斯科", "capital_en": "Moscow", "formation_date": "1991-12-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union; Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/rs.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ru.svg" }, { "code": "RW", "iso3": "RWA", "name_zh": "卢旺达", "name_en": "Rwanda", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "基加利", "capital_en": "Kigali", "formation_date": "1962-07-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/rw.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/rw.svg" }, { "code": "SA", "iso3": "SAU", "name_zh": "沙特阿拉伯", "name_en": "Saudi Arabia", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "利雅得", "capital_en": "Riyadh", "formation_date": "1932-09-23", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/sa.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sa.svg" }, { "code": "SB", "iso3": "SLB", "name_zh": "所罗门群岛", "name_en": "Solomon Islands", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "霍尼亚拉", "capital_en": "Honiara", "formation_date": "1978-07-07", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "7 July 1978 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/bp.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sb.svg" }, { "code": "SC", "iso3": "SYC", "name_zh": "塞舌尔", "name_en": "Seychelles", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "维多利亚", "capital_en": "Victoria", "formation_date": "1976-06-29", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "29 June 1976 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/se.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sc.svg" }, { "code": "SD", "iso3": "SDN", "name_zh": "苏丹", "name_en": "Sudan", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "喀土穆", "capital_en": "Khartoum", "formation_date": "1956-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/su.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sd.svg" }, { "code": "SE", "iso3": "SWE", "name_zh": "瑞典", "name_en": "Sweden", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "斯德哥尔摩", "capital_en": "Stockholm", "formation_date": "1523-06-06", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/sw.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/se.svg" }, { "code": "SG", "iso3": "SGP", "name_zh": "新加坡", "name_en": "Singapore", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "新加坡", "capital_en": "Singapore", "formation_date": "1965-08-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sg.svg" }, { "code": "SI", "iso3": "SVN", "name_zh": "斯洛文尼亚", "name_en": "Slovenia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "卢布尔雅那", "capital_en": "Ljubljana", "formation_date": "1991-06-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/si.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/si.svg" }, { "code": "SK", "iso3": "SVK", "name_zh": "斯洛伐克", "name_en": "Slovakia", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "布拉迪斯拉发", "capital_en": "Bratislava", "formation_date": "1993-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/lo.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sk.svg" }, { "code": "SL", "iso3": "SLE", "name_zh": "塞拉利昂", "name_en": "Sierra Leone", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "弗里敦", "capital_en": "Freetown", "formation_date": "1961-04-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 April 1961 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/sl.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sl.svg" }, { "code": "SM", "iso3": "SMR", "name_zh": "圣马力诺", "name_en": "San Marino", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "圣马力诺市", "capital_en": "San Marino (city)", "formation_date": "0301-09-03", "formation_kind_zh": "传统建国日期", "formation_en": "3 September 301 (traditional founding date)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/sm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sm.svg" }, { "code": "SN", "iso3": "SEN", "name_zh": "塞内加尔", "name_en": "Senegal", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "达喀尔", "capital_en": "Dakar", "formation_date": "1960-04-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 April 1960 (from France); 20 August 1960 (full independence after federation with Mali is dissolved)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/sg.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sn.svg" }, { "code": "SO", "iso3": "SOM", "name_zh": "索马里", "name_en": "Somalia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "摩加迪沙", "capital_en": "Mogadishu", "formation_date": "1960-07-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/so.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/so.svg" }, { "code": "SR", "iso3": "SUR", "name_zh": "苏里南", "name_en": "Suriname", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "帕拉马里博", "capital_en": "Paramaribo", "formation_date": "1975-11-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/ns.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sr.svg" }, { "code": "SS", "iso3": "SSD", "name_zh": "南苏丹", "name_en": "South Sudan", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "朱巴", "capital_en": "Juba", "formation_date": "2011-07-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 July 2011 (from Sudan)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/od.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ss.svg" }, { "code": "ST", "iso3": "STP", "name_zh": "圣多美和普林西比", "name_en": "São Tomé and Príncipe", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "圣多美", "capital_en": "Sao Tome", "formation_date": "1975-07-12", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "12 July 1975 (from Portugal)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/tp.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/st.svg" }, { "code": "SV", "iso3": "SLV", "name_zh": "萨尔瓦多", "name_en": "El Salvador", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "圣萨尔瓦多", "capital_en": "San Salvador", "formation_date": "1821-09-15", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sv.svg" }, { "code": "SY", "iso3": "SYR", "name_zh": "叙利亚", "name_en": "Syria", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "大马士革", "capital_en": "Damascus", "formation_date": "1946-04-17", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/sy.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sy.svg" }, { "code": "SZ", "iso3": "SWZ", "name_zh": "斯威士兰", "name_en": "Eswatini", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "姆巴巴内（行政首都）；洛班巴（王室及立法中心）", "capital_en": "Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)", "formation_date": "1968-09-06", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "6 September 1968 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/wz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/sz.svg" }, { "code": "TD", "iso3": "TCD", "name_zh": "乍得", "name_en": "Chad", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "恩贾梅纳", "capital_en": "N'Djamena", "formation_date": "1960-08-11", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "11 August 1960 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/cd.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/td.svg" }, { "code": "TG", "iso3": "TGO", "name_zh": "多哥", "name_en": "Togo", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "洛美", "capital_en": "Lome", "formation_date": "1960-04-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/to.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tg.svg" }, { "code": "TH", "iso3": "THA", "name_zh": "泰国", "name_en": "Thailand", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "曼谷", "capital_en": "Bangkok", "formation_date": "1238", "formation_kind_zh": "传统建国日期", "formation_en": "1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/th.svg" }, { "code": "TJ", "iso3": "TJK", "name_zh": "塔吉克斯坦", "name_en": "Tajikistan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "杜尚别", "capital_en": "Dushanbe", "formation_date": "1991-09-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/ti.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tj.svg" }, { "code": "TL", "iso3": "TLS", "name_zh": "东帝汶", "name_en": "Timor-Leste", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "帝力", "capital_en": "Dili", "formation_date": "1975-11-28", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "28 November 1975 (from Portugal); 20 May 2002 (from Indonesia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tl.svg" }, { "code": "TM", "iso3": "TKM", "name_zh": "土库曼斯坦", "name_en": "Turkmenistan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "阿什哈巴德", "capital_en": "Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)", "formation_date": "1991-10-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/tx.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tm.svg" }, { "code": "TN", "iso3": "TUN", "name_zh": "突尼斯", "name_en": "Tunisia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "突尼斯市", "capital_en": "Tunis", "formation_date": "1956-03-20", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "20 March 1956 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ts.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tn.svg" }, { "code": "TO", "iso3": "TON", "name_zh": "汤加", "name_en": "Tonga", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "努库阿洛法", "capital_en": "Nuku'alofa", "formation_date": "1970-06-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate status)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/tn.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/to.svg" }, { "code": "TR", "iso3": "TUR", "name_zh": "土耳其", "name_en": "Türkiye", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "安卡拉", "capital_en": "Ankara", "formation_date": "1923-10-29", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/tu.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tr.svg" }, { "code": "TT", "iso3": "TTO", "name_zh": "特立尼达和多巴哥", "name_en": "Trinidad and Tobago", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "西班牙港", "capital_en": "Port of Spain", "formation_date": "1962-08-31", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "31 August 1962 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tt.svg" }, { "code": "TV", "iso3": "TUV", "name_zh": "图瓦卢", "name_en": "Tuvalu", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "富纳富提", "capital_en": "Funafuti", "formation_date": "1978-10-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 October 1978 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/tv.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tv.svg" }, { "code": "TZ", "iso3": "TZA", "name_zh": "坦桑尼亚", "name_en": "Tanzania", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "多多马", "capital_en": "Dodoma", "formation_date": "1964-04-26", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/tz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/tz.svg" }, { "code": "UA", "iso3": "UKR", "name_zh": "乌克兰", "name_en": "Ukraine", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "基辅", "capital_en": "Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian)", "formation_date": "1991-08-24", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed); 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/up.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ua.svg" }, { "code": "UG", "iso3": "UGA", "name_zh": "乌干达", "name_en": "Uganda", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "坎帕拉", "capital_en": "Kampala", "formation_date": "1962-10-09", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "9 October 1962 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/ug.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ug.svg" }, { "code": "US", "iso3": "USA", "name_zh": "美国", "name_en": "United States", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "华盛顿哥伦比亚特区", "capital_en": "Washington, D.C.", "formation_date": "1776-07-04", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/north-america/us.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/us.svg" }, { "code": "UY", "iso3": "URY", "name_zh": "乌拉圭", "name_en": "Uruguay", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "蒙得维的亚", "capital_en": "Montevideo", "formation_date": "1825-08-25", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "25 August 1825 (from Brazil)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/uy.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/uy.svg" }, { "code": "UZ", "iso3": "UZB", "name_zh": "乌兹别克斯坦", "name_en": "Uzbekistan", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "塔什干", "capital_en": "Tashkent (Toshkent)", "formation_date": "1991-09-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-asia/uz.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/uz.svg" }, { "code": "VA", "iso3": "VAT", "name_zh": "梵蒂冈（圣座）", "name_en": "Vatican City (Holy See)", "region": "Europe", "capital_zh": "梵蒂冈城", "capital_en": "Vatican City", "formation_date": "1929-02-11", "formation_kind_zh": "拉特兰条约签署", "formation_en": "11 February 1929", "notes_zh": "此日期对应梵蒂冈城国建立；联合国观察员主体为圣座，其历史早于城国。", "notes_en": "The dates describe specific historical or constitutional events, not a universally agreed first founding date. See the source chronology.", "observer": true, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/europe/vt.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/va.svg" }, { "code": "VC", "iso3": "VCT", "name_zh": "圣文森特和格林纳丁斯", "name_en": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "金斯敦", "capital_en": "Kingstown", "formation_date": "1979-10-27", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "27 October 1979 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/vc.svg" }, { "code": "VE", "iso3": "VEN", "name_zh": "委内瑞拉", "name_en": "Venezuela", "region": "Americas", "capital_zh": "加拉加斯", "capital_en": "Caracas", "formation_date": "1811-07-05", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "5 July 1811 (from Spain)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/south-america/ve.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ve.svg" }, { "code": "VN", "iso3": "VNM", "name_zh": "越南", "name_en": "Vietnam", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "河内", "capital_en": "Hanoi (Ha Noi)", "formation_date": "1945-09-02", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "2 September 1945 (from France)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/vn.svg" }, { "code": "VU", "iso3": "VUT", "name_zh": "瓦努阿图", "name_en": "Vanuatu", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "维拉港", "capital_en": "Port-Vila (on Efate)", "formation_date": "1980-07-30", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "30 July 1980 (from France and the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/nh.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/vu.svg" }, { "code": "WS", "iso3": "WSM", "name_zh": "萨摩亚", "name_en": "Samoa", "region": "Oceania", "capital_zh": "阿皮亚", "capital_en": "Apia", "formation_date": "1962-01-01", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/australia-oceania/ws.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ws.svg" }, { "code": "YE", "iso3": "YEM", "name_zh": "也门", "name_en": "Yemen", "region": "Asia", "capital_zh": "萨那；亚丁为临时首都", "capital_en": "Sanaa; Aden (temporary capital)", "formation_date": "1990-05-22", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); notable earlier dates: 1 November 1918 (North Yemen independent from the Ottoman Empire), 27 September 1962 (North Yemen becomes republic), 30 November 1967 (South Yemen independent from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/middle-east/ym.json", "additional_sources": [ "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zwbd_673032/wjzs/202412/t20241205_11538982.shtml" ], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/ye.svg" }, { "code": "ZA", "iso3": "ZAF", "name_zh": "南非", "name_en": "South Africa", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "比勒陀利亚（行政）；开普敦（立法）；布隆方丹（最高上诉法院驻地）", "capital_en": "Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)", "formation_date": "1910-05-31", "formation_kind_zh": "国家形成／制度节点", "formation_en": "31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 22 August 1934 (Status of the Union Act); 31 May 1961 (republic declared); 27 April 1994 (majority rule)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/sf.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/za.svg" }, { "code": "ZM", "iso3": "ZMB", "name_zh": "赞比亚", "name_en": "Zambia", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "卢萨卡", "capital_en": "Lusaka", "formation_date": "1964-10-24", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "24 October 1964 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/za.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/zm.svg" }, { "code": "ZW", "iso3": "ZWE", "name_zh": "津巴布韦", "name_en": "Zimbabwe", "region": "Africa", "capital_zh": "哈拉雷", "capital_en": "Harare", "formation_date": "1980-04-18", "formation_kind_zh": "独立节点", "formation_en": "18 April 1980 (from the UK)", "notes_zh": "", "notes_en": "", "observer": false, "source": "https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json/blob/144d6977b2b01ac1cbd220de754c0a005616760b/africa/zi.json", "additional_sources": [], "flag": "/vendor/country-flags/zw.svg" } ] }